How to Cite
Fleischer, F. (2021). Encounters across Space and Categories: Female Household Employees as Connecting Threads in the Segregated City?. Desacatos. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, (67), 12–31. Retrieved from https://desacatos.ciesas.edu.mx/index.php/Desacatos/article/view/2231
Abstract
This article analyzes the connections, encounters and exchanges that take place in and through the daily movements of domestic workers in Bogotá, Colombia. Specifically, it examines female employees’ relations and interactions in their places of residence, during transportation, in their places of work, and in other social contexts—micro-publics— to understand the extent and limits of segregation and exclusion, as well as resistances in women’s everyday practices. The ethnographic research shows household employees’ relative social isolation that is due to labor conditions and social distancing. The article contributes to discussions about urban inequalities and the right to the city.
References
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Amin, A. 2002. Ethnicity and the Multicultural City: Living with diversity. Environment and Planning A, 34, 959–980.
Askins, K. 2015. Being Together: Everyday geographies and the quiet politics of belonging. ACME An International Journal for Critical Geographies 14(2), 470–478.
Augé, M. 1995. Non-places: Introduction to an anthropology of supermodernity, London, New York, Verso.
Binnie, J., Holloway, J., Millington, S. and Young C., ed. 2006. Cosmopolitan Urbanism. London: Rutledge.
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Coy, M. 2006. Gated Communities and Urban Fragmentation in Latin America: The Brazilian experience. GeoJournal 66.1/2, 121–32.
Dirksmeier, P., Helbrecht, I. 2015. Everyday Urban Encounters as Stratification Practices. City, 19:4, 486-498.
Donald, J. 1999. Imagining the Modern City. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Fincher, R. 2003. Planning for Cities of Diversity, Difference and Encounter. Australian Planner 40, 55–58.
Fleischer, F., Marín, K. 2019. Atravesando la ciudad. La movilidad y experiencia subjetiva del espacio por las empleadas domésticas en Bogotá. EURE 45:135, 27-47.
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Jacobs, J. 1992. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage.
Jirón P. 2012. Mobility Challenges in Santiago de Chile: Improving Diagnosis and the Need to Shift the Understanding of Urban Inequality from Fixed Enclaves to Mobile Gradients. In: Rodgers D., Beall J., Kanbur R. (eds) Latin American Urban Development into the 21st Century. Studies in Development Economics and Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Leitner, H. 2012. Spaces of Encounters: Immigration, Race, Class, and the Politics of Belonging in Small-Town America. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 102 (4): 828–846.
Lim, J. 2010. “Immanent Politics: Thinking Race and Ethnicity through Affect and Machinism.” Environment and Planning A 42 (10): 2393–2409.
Matejskova, T., and Leitner, H. 2011. Urban encounters with difference: The contact hypothesis and immigrant integration projects in eastern Berlin. Social & Cultural Geography, 12, 717–741.
Peterson, M. 2017. Living with Difference in Hyper-Diverse Areas: How important are encounters in semi-public spaces? Social & Cultural Geography, 18:8, 1067-1085.
Roberts, B.R. 2005. Globalization and Latin American Cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29.1, 110–23.
Rodgers, D., J. Beall and R. Kanbur. 2012. Towards a New Research Agenda for 21st Century Latin American Urban Development. In D. Rodgers, J. Beall and R. Kanbur (eds), Latin American Urban Development into the 21st Century: Towards a Renewed Perspective on the City. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, pp. 259–64.
Rodríguez, J. and Arraigada, C. 2003. Segregación residencial en áreas metropolitanas de América Latina: magnitud, características, evolución e implicaciones de política. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL-ONU.
Rodríguez, J. and Arriagada, C. 2004. Segregación Residencial en la Ciudad Latinoamericana. EURE (Santiago), 30(89), 5-24.
Sabatini, F. 2003. La Segregación Social del Espacio en las Ciudades de América Latina. Documentos del Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, Serie Azul, 35, Julio de 2003.
Sennett, R. 2002. Cosmopolitanism and the Social Experience of Cities. In Conceiving Cosmopolitanism. Theory, Context and Practice, edited by S. Vertovec, and R. Cohen, 42–47. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Simmel, G. 2002. The Metropolis and Mental Life. In The Blackwell City Reader, edited by G. Bridge, and S. Watson, 11–19. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Thibert, J. and Osorio G.A. 2013. Urban segregation and Metropolitics in Latin America: The case of Bogota, Colombia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38: 1319–1343.
Thrift, N. 2005. But Malice Aforethought: Cities and the natural history of hatred. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS 30, 133–50.
Valentine, G. 2008. Living with difference: Reflections on geographies of encounter. Progress in Human Geography, 32, 323–337.
Valentine, G., and L. Waite. 2012. Negotiating Difference through Everyday Encounters: The Case of Sexual Orientation and Religion and Belief. Antipode 44 (2): 474–492.
Watson, S. 2009. The Magic of the Marketplace: Sociality in a Neglected Public Space. Urban Studies 46 (8): 1577–1591.
Amin, A. 2002. Ethnicity and the Multicultural City: Living with diversity. Environment and Planning A, 34, 959–980.
Askins, K. 2015. Being Together: Everyday geographies and the quiet politics of belonging. ACME An International Journal for Critical Geographies 14(2), 470–478.
Augé, M. 1995. Non-places: Introduction to an anthropology of supermodernity, London, New York, Verso.
Binnie, J., Holloway, J., Millington, S. and Young C., ed. 2006. Cosmopolitan Urbanism. London: Rutledge.
Boggs, C. 1977. Marxism, Prefigurative Communism, and the Problem of Workers' Control. Radical America 11 (November).
Carter, J.C. 2003. Neoliberal Economic Reforms and Urban Sociospatial Change in Latin America: The case of La Serena-Coquimbo, Chile. PhD dissertation, Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA.
Coy, M. 2006. Gated Communities and Urban Fragmentation in Latin America: The Brazilian experience. GeoJournal 66.1/2, 121–32.
Dirksmeier, P., Helbrecht, I. 2015. Everyday Urban Encounters as Stratification Practices. City, 19:4, 486-498.
Donald, J. 1999. Imagining the Modern City. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Fincher, R. 2003. Planning for Cities of Diversity, Difference and Encounter. Australian Planner 40, 55–58.
Fleischer, F., Marín, K. 2019. Atravesando la ciudad. La movilidad y experiencia subjetiva del espacio por las empleadas domésticas en Bogotá. EURE 45:135, 27-47.
Foucault, M. 1980. Power/Knowledge. Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. Edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Vintage Books.
Graeber, D. 2004. Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology (2nd pr. ed.). Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press
Irazábal, C. 2009. One Size Does not Fit All: Land markets and property rights for the construction of the just city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33.2, 558–63.
Jacobs, J. 1992. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage.
Jirón P. 2012. Mobility Challenges in Santiago de Chile: Improving Diagnosis and the Need to Shift the Understanding of Urban Inequality from Fixed Enclaves to Mobile Gradients. In: Rodgers D., Beall J., Kanbur R. (eds) Latin American Urban Development into the 21st Century. Studies in Development Economics and Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Leitner, H. 2012. Spaces of Encounters: Immigration, Race, Class, and the Politics of Belonging in Small-Town America. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 102 (4): 828–846.
Lim, J. 2010. “Immanent Politics: Thinking Race and Ethnicity through Affect and Machinism.” Environment and Planning A 42 (10): 2393–2409.
Matejskova, T., and Leitner, H. 2011. Urban encounters with difference: The contact hypothesis and immigrant integration projects in eastern Berlin. Social & Cultural Geography, 12, 717–741.
Peterson, M. 2017. Living with Difference in Hyper-Diverse Areas: How important are encounters in semi-public spaces? Social & Cultural Geography, 18:8, 1067-1085.
Roberts, B.R. 2005. Globalization and Latin American Cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29.1, 110–23.
Rodgers, D., J. Beall and R. Kanbur. 2012. Towards a New Research Agenda for 21st Century Latin American Urban Development. In D. Rodgers, J. Beall and R. Kanbur (eds), Latin American Urban Development into the 21st Century: Towards a Renewed Perspective on the City. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, pp. 259–64.
Rodríguez, J. and Arraigada, C. 2003. Segregación residencial en áreas metropolitanas de América Latina: magnitud, características, evolución e implicaciones de política. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL-ONU.
Rodríguez, J. and Arriagada, C. 2004. Segregación Residencial en la Ciudad Latinoamericana. EURE (Santiago), 30(89), 5-24.
Sabatini, F. 2003. La Segregación Social del Espacio en las Ciudades de América Latina. Documentos del Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, Serie Azul, 35, Julio de 2003.
Sennett, R. 2002. Cosmopolitanism and the Social Experience of Cities. In Conceiving Cosmopolitanism. Theory, Context and Practice, edited by S. Vertovec, and R. Cohen, 42–47. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Simmel, G. 2002. The Metropolis and Mental Life. In The Blackwell City Reader, edited by G. Bridge, and S. Watson, 11–19. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Thibert, J. and Osorio G.A. 2013. Urban segregation and Metropolitics in Latin America: The case of Bogota, Colombia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38: 1319–1343.
Thrift, N. 2005. But Malice Aforethought: Cities and the natural history of hatred. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS 30, 133–50.
Valentine, G. 2008. Living with difference: Reflections on geographies of encounter. Progress in Human Geography, 32, 323–337.
Valentine, G., and L. Waite. 2012. Negotiating Difference through Everyday Encounters: The Case of Sexual Orientation and Religion and Belief. Antipode 44 (2): 474–492.
Watson, S. 2009. The Magic of the Marketplace: Sociality in a Neglected Public Space. Urban Studies 46 (8): 1577–1591.