Abstract
This paper analyzed the intersection between the macro and the micro-conflicts, transformations and dynamic and contradictory process that produces a government program, and generates faces its implementation in a local space. The program is the PROGRESA, Zedillo and Fox program now "fighting poverty", adopted after 1997 by the federal government, representative program of current public policies to promote "social welfare" in rural areas where the Indian peasantry is the predominant social fabric. As is known, this program gives priority to education, health, food and nutrition fields as direct state intervention to improve quality of life and reducing poverty. The local space is an indigenous peasant community of Oaxaca which, for obvious reasons of confidentiality, the name change.