How to Cite
Besserer Rayas, A. S. (2021). Dynamic Citizenship. Institutional Foundations of Migration Federalism in the United States in the Context of Undocumented Migrants. Desacatos. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, (66), 46–63. Retrieved from https://desacatos.ciesas.edu.mx/index.php/Desacatos/article/view/2165
Abstract
This paper argues that citizenship should be understood as a dynamic process, in contrast to the static and more classic model of this concept. The dynamic model suggests citizenship as the product of friction between different layers of authority and subjects. The paper then explores how this process produces semi-citizenships, inferior to full citizenship. Using the concept of dynamic citizenship, the article explores several scenarios that undocumented immigrants in the United States face, showing how the relative dispersion of power relates to the Deferred Action to Childhood Arrivals, sanctuary sites, municipal IDs, and exclusionary laws such as SB 1070 of Arizona. It concludes with a discussion about democratic backsliding in the United States and the role that citizenship plays in this phenomenon.
References
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Foucault, Michel. 1991. The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governamentality. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
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Gomberg-Muñoz, Ruth. 2017. Becoming Legal. Immigration Law and Mixed-Status Families. New York: Oxford University Press.
Graauw, Els de. 2014. “Municipal ID Cards for Undocumented Immigrants: Local Bureaucratic Membership in a Federal System.” Politics & Society 42 (3): 309–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329214543256.
Graauw, Els de, y Shannon Gleeson. 2016. “How Local Stakeholders Are Implementing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program,” 4.
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Levitsky, Steven, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. How Democracies Die. New York: Crown.
Macías Rojas, Patrisia. 2016. From Deportation to Prison The Politics of Immigration Enforcement in Post-Civil Rights America. New York: NYU Press.
Macklin, Audrey. 2006. “Exile on Main Street: Popular Discourse and Legal Manoeuvres around Citizenship,” 33.
———. 2007. “Who Is the Citizen’s Other? Considering the Heft of Citizenship.” Theoretical Inquiries in Law 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.2202/1565-3404.1153.
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Marshall, T.H. 1985. Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Menjívar, Cecilia. 2006. “Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants’ Lives in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 111 (4): 999–1037. https://doi.org/10.1086/499509.
———. 2014. “The ‘Poli-Migra’: Multilayered Legislation, Enforcement Practices, and What We Can Learn About and From Today’s Approaches.” American Behavioral Scientist 58 (13): 1805–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214537268.
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NSCL. 2019. “Sanctuary Policy FAQ.” 2019. http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/sanctuary-policy-faq635991795.aspx.
Paret, Marcel. 2014. “Legality and Exploitation: Immigration Enforcement and the US Migrant Labor System.” Latino Studies 12 (4): 503–26. https://doi.org/10.1057/lst.2014.53.
Roth, Benjamin J. 2019. “The Double Bind of DACA: Exploring the Legal Violence of Liminal Status for Undocumented Youth.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 42 (15): 2548–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2018.1540790.
Runciman, David. 2018. How Democracy Ends. New York: Basic Books.
Scott, James. 1998. Seeing Like a State. How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sena, Kendra. 2018. “Municipal IDs: Local Governments and the Power to Create Identity Documents,” 11.
Shachar, Ayelet. 2012. Citizenship. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199578610.013.0050.
Silva, Chantal da. 2018. “Father Of Three Handed Over To ICE After Calling 911 For Help Sues Police Officers Who Arrested Him.” 2018. https://www.newsweek.com/father-three-handed-over-ice-after-calling-911-help-sues-officers-who-arrested-856570.
Song, Sarah. 2019. Immigraton and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stack, Liam. 2019. “Judge Is Charged With Helping Immigrant Escape ICE at Courthouse - The New York Times.” 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/us/judge-shelley-joseph-indicted.html.
Tilly, Charles. 2007. Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsing, Anna. 2005. Friction. An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Volden, Craig. 2005. “Intergovernmental Political Competition in American Federalism.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 327–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00126.x.
Waldner, David, and Ellen Lust. 2018. “Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding.” Annual Review of Political Science 21 (1): 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628.
Wallace, Sophia J. 2014. “Papers Please: State-Level Anti-Immigrant Legislation in the Wake of Arizona’s SB 1070: ANTI-IMMIGRANT LEGISLATION.” Political Science Quarterly 129 (2): 261–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12178.
Walzer, Michael. 2001. “Las Esferas de La Justicia.” México: FCE.
Armenta, Amada. 2017. Protect, Serve, and Deport The Rise of Policing as Immigration Enforcement. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Arrocha, William. 2012. “From Arizona’s S.B. 1070 to Georgia’s H.B. 87 and Alabama’s H.B. 56: Exacerbating the Other and Generating New Discourses and Practices of Segregation.” California Western Law Review 48 (2): 35.
Brubaker, Rogers W. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Burridge, Andrew, Nick Gill, Austin Kocher, y Lauren Martin. 2017. “Polymorphic Borders.” Territory, Politics, Governance 5 (3): 239–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2017.1297253.
CIS. 2019. “Map: Sanctuary Cities, Counties, and States | Center for Immigration Studies.” 2019. https://cis.org/Map-Sanctuary-Cities-Counties-and-States.
Cohen, Elizabeth F. 2009. Semi-Citizenship in Democratic Politics. New York. Cambridge University Press.
De Genova, Nicholas. 2013. “Spectacles of Migrant ‘Illegality’: The Scene of Exclusion, the Obscene of Inclusion.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (7): 1180–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.783710.
Fortin, Jacey. 2019. “Tucson Rejects Sanctuary Status as Places Across U.S. Vote on Their Futures - The New York Times.” 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/06/us/arizona-tucson-sanctuary-city.html.
Foucault, Michel. 1991. The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governamentality. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Fussell, Elizabeth. 2011. “The Deportation Threat Dynamic and Victimization of Latino Migrants: Wage Theft and Robbery.” The Sociological Quarterly 52 (4): 593–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01221.x.
Gallie, W. B. 1956. “IX.—Essentially Contested Concepts.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 56 (1): 167–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/56.1.167.
Gomberg-Muñoz, Ruth. 2017. Becoming Legal. Immigration Law and Mixed-Status Families. New York: Oxford University Press.
Graauw, Els de. 2014. “Municipal ID Cards for Undocumented Immigrants: Local Bureaucratic Membership in a Federal System.” Politics & Society 42 (3): 309–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329214543256.
Graauw, Els de, y Shannon Gleeson. 2016. “How Local Stakeholders Are Implementing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program,” 4.
Hollifield, James F, Valerie F Hunt, y Daniel J Tichenor. 1994. “Liberal Paradox: Immigrants, Markets and Rights in the United States, The.” SMU LAW REVIEW 61: 33.
Lai, Annie, and Christopher N Lasch. 2018. “CRIMMIGRATION RESISTANCE AND THE CASE OF SANCTUARY CITY DEFUNDING,” 74.
Levitsky, Steven, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. How Democracies Die. New York: Crown.
Macías Rojas, Patrisia. 2016. From Deportation to Prison The Politics of Immigration Enforcement in Post-Civil Rights America. New York: NYU Press.
Macklin, Audrey. 2006. “Exile on Main Street: Popular Discourse and Legal Manoeuvres around Citizenship,” 33.
———. 2007. “Who Is the Citizen’s Other? Considering the Heft of Citizenship.” Theoretical Inquiries in Law 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.2202/1565-3404.1153.
Magaña, Lisa. 2013. “Arizona’s Immigration Policies and SB 1070.” In Latino Politics and Arizona’s Immigration Law SB 1070, edited by Lisa Magaña and Erik Lee, 19–26. New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0296-1_2.
Marshall, T.H. 1985. Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Menjívar, Cecilia. 2006. “Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants’ Lives in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 111 (4): 999–1037. https://doi.org/10.1086/499509.
———. 2014. “The ‘Poli-Migra’: Multilayered Legislation, Enforcement Practices, and What We Can Learn About and From Today’s Approaches.” American Behavioral Scientist 58 (13): 1805–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214537268.
Murphy, Paul, and Deanna Hackney. 2018. “Police Answered Immigrant’s Call for Help, Then Gave Him to ICE - CNN.” 2018. https://www-m.cnn.com/2018/02/13/us/tukwila-police-ice-detain-trnd/index.html.
Newton, Lina. 2015. “Immigration Federalism as Ideology: Lessons from the States.” Laws 4 (4): 729–54. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws4040729.
NSCL. 2019. “Sanctuary Policy FAQ.” 2019. http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/sanctuary-policy-faq635991795.aspx.
Paret, Marcel. 2014. “Legality and Exploitation: Immigration Enforcement and the US Migrant Labor System.” Latino Studies 12 (4): 503–26. https://doi.org/10.1057/lst.2014.53.
Roth, Benjamin J. 2019. “The Double Bind of DACA: Exploring the Legal Violence of Liminal Status for Undocumented Youth.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 42 (15): 2548–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2018.1540790.
Runciman, David. 2018. How Democracy Ends. New York: Basic Books.
Scott, James. 1998. Seeing Like a State. How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sena, Kendra. 2018. “Municipal IDs: Local Governments and the Power to Create Identity Documents,” 11.
Shachar, Ayelet. 2012. Citizenship. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199578610.013.0050.
Silva, Chantal da. 2018. “Father Of Three Handed Over To ICE After Calling 911 For Help Sues Police Officers Who Arrested Him.” 2018. https://www.newsweek.com/father-three-handed-over-ice-after-calling-911-help-sues-officers-who-arrested-856570.
Song, Sarah. 2019. Immigraton and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stack, Liam. 2019. “Judge Is Charged With Helping Immigrant Escape ICE at Courthouse - The New York Times.” 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/us/judge-shelley-joseph-indicted.html.
Tilly, Charles. 2007. Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsing, Anna. 2005. Friction. An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Volden, Craig. 2005. “Intergovernmental Political Competition in American Federalism.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 327–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00126.x.
Waldner, David, and Ellen Lust. 2018. “Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding.” Annual Review of Political Science 21 (1): 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628.
Wallace, Sophia J. 2014. “Papers Please: State-Level Anti-Immigrant Legislation in the Wake of Arizona’s SB 1070: ANTI-IMMIGRANT LEGISLATION.” Political Science Quarterly 129 (2): 261–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12178.
Walzer, Michael. 2001. “Las Esferas de La Justicia.” México: FCE.