Palabras clave
CiudadanÃa
semi ciudadanÃa
migración
DACA
federalismo migratorio
crimigración
semi ciudadanÃa
migración
DACA
federalismo migratorio
crimigración
Cómo citar
Besserer Rayas, A. S. (2021). Ciudadanía dinámica. Una mirada a las bases institucionales del federalismo migratorio en Estados Unidos frente a migrantes indocumentados. Desacatos. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, (66), 46–63. Recuperado a partir de https://desacatos.ciesas.edu.mx/index.php/Desacatos/article/view/2165
Resumen
En este artículo la ciudadanía se entiende como un proceso dinámico, en contraste con el modelo estático y más clásico de este concepto. El modelo dinámico propone que la ciudadanía es producto de la fricción entre diver-sas capas de la autoridad y los sujetos. El texto explora cómo el dinamismo produce “semiciudadanías”, inferiores a la ciudadanía plena. Con base en el concepto de ciudadanía dinámica, examina varios procesos que viven los mi-grantes indocumentados en Estados Unidos y muestra la relación entre la dispersión de poder, la Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia, los lugares llamados santuarios, las identificaciones municipales y las leyes excluyentes, como la Ley Arizona. Concluye con una discusión sobre la erosión democrática en Estados Unidos y el papel de la ciudadanía.
Citas
Álvarez Enríquez, Lucía. 2019. (Re)Pensar La Ciudadanía En El Siglo XXI. Ciudad de México: UNAM, CEIICH y Juan Pablos Editor.
Armenta, Amada. 2017. Protect, Serve, and Deport The Rise of Policing as Immigration Enforcement. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Arrocha, William. 2012. “From Arizona’s S.B. 1070 to Georgia’s H.B. 87 and Alabama’s H.B. 56: Exacerbating the Other and Generating New Discourses and Practices of Segregation.” California Western Law Review 48 (2): 35.
Brubaker, Rogers W. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Burridge, Andrew, Nick Gill, Austin Kocher, y Lauren Martin. 2017. “Polymorphic Borders.” Territory, Politics, Governance 5 (3): 239–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2017.1297253.
CIS. 2019. “Map: Sanctuary Cities, Counties, and States | Center for Immigration Studies.” 2019. https://cis.org/Map-Sanctuary-Cities-Counties-and-States.
Cohen, Elizabeth F. 2009. Semi-Citizenship in Democratic Politics. New York. Cambridge University Press.
De Genova, Nicholas. 2013. “Spectacles of Migrant ‘Illegality’: The Scene of Exclusion, the Obscene of Inclusion.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (7): 1180–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.783710.
Fortin, Jacey. 2019. “Tucson Rejects Sanctuary Status as Places Across U.S. Vote on Their Futures - The New York Times.” 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/06/us/arizona-tucson-sanctuary-city.html.
Foucault, Michel. 1991. The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governamentality. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Fussell, Elizabeth. 2011. “The Deportation Threat Dynamic and Victimization of Latino Migrants: Wage Theft and Robbery.” The Sociological Quarterly 52 (4): 593–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01221.x.
Gallie, W. B. 1956. “IX.—Essentially Contested Concepts.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 56 (1): 167–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/56.1.167.
Gomberg-Muñoz, Ruth. 2017. Becoming Legal. Immigration Law and Mixed-Status Families. New York: Oxford University Press.
Graauw, Els de. 2014. “Municipal ID Cards for Undocumented Immigrants: Local Bureaucratic Membership in a Federal System.” Politics & Society 42 (3): 309–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329214543256.
Graauw, Els de, y Shannon Gleeson. 2016. “How Local Stakeholders Are Implementing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program,” 4.
Hollifield, James F, Valerie F Hunt, y Daniel J Tichenor. 1994. “Liberal Paradox: Immigrants, Markets and Rights in the United States, The.” SMU LAW REVIEW 61: 33.
Lai, Annie, and Christopher N Lasch. 2018. “CRIMMIGRATION RESISTANCE AND THE CASE OF SANCTUARY CITY DEFUNDING,” 74.
Levitsky, Steven, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. How Democracies Die. New York: Crown.
Macías Rojas, Patrisia. 2016. From Deportation to Prison The Politics of Immigration Enforcement in Post-Civil Rights America. New York: NYU Press.
Macklin, Audrey. 2006. “Exile on Main Street: Popular Discourse and Legal Manoeuvres around Citizenship,” 33.
———. 2007. “Who Is the Citizen’s Other? Considering the Heft of Citizenship.” Theoretical Inquiries in Law 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.2202/1565-3404.1153.
Magaña, Lisa. 2013. “Arizona’s Immigration Policies and SB 1070.” In Latino Politics and Arizona’s Immigration Law SB 1070, edited by Lisa Magaña and Erik Lee, 19–26. New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0296-1_2.
Marshall, T.H. 1985. Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Menjívar, Cecilia. 2006. “Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants’ Lives in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 111 (4): 999–1037. https://doi.org/10.1086/499509.
———. 2014. “The ‘Poli-Migra’: Multilayered Legislation, Enforcement Practices, and What We Can Learn About and From Today’s Approaches.” American Behavioral Scientist 58 (13): 1805–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214537268.
Murphy, Paul, and Deanna Hackney. 2018. “Police Answered Immigrant’s Call for Help, Then Gave Him to ICE - CNN.” 2018. https://www-m.cnn.com/2018/02/13/us/tukwila-police-ice-detain-trnd/index.html.
Newton, Lina. 2015. “Immigration Federalism as Ideology: Lessons from the States.” Laws 4 (4): 729–54. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws4040729.
NSCL. 2019. “Sanctuary Policy FAQ.” 2019. http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/sanctuary-policy-faq635991795.aspx.
Paret, Marcel. 2014. “Legality and Exploitation: Immigration Enforcement and the US Migrant Labor System.” Latino Studies 12 (4): 503–26. https://doi.org/10.1057/lst.2014.53.
Roth, Benjamin J. 2019. “The Double Bind of DACA: Exploring the Legal Violence of Liminal Status for Undocumented Youth.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 42 (15): 2548–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2018.1540790.
Runciman, David. 2018. How Democracy Ends. New York: Basic Books.
Scott, James. 1998. Seeing Like a State. How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sena, Kendra. 2018. “Municipal IDs: Local Governments and the Power to Create Identity Documents,” 11.
Shachar, Ayelet. 2012. Citizenship. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199578610.013.0050.
Silva, Chantal da. 2018. “Father Of Three Handed Over To ICE After Calling 911 For Help Sues Police Officers Who Arrested Him.” 2018. https://www.newsweek.com/father-three-handed-over-ice-after-calling-911-help-sues-officers-who-arrested-856570.
Song, Sarah. 2019. Immigraton and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stack, Liam. 2019. “Judge Is Charged With Helping Immigrant Escape ICE at Courthouse - The New York Times.” 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/us/judge-shelley-joseph-indicted.html.
Tilly, Charles. 2007. Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsing, Anna. 2005. Friction. An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Volden, Craig. 2005. “Intergovernmental Political Competition in American Federalism.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 327–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00126.x.
Waldner, David, and Ellen Lust. 2018. “Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding.” Annual Review of Political Science 21 (1): 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628.
Wallace, Sophia J. 2014. “Papers Please: State-Level Anti-Immigrant Legislation in the Wake of Arizona’s SB 1070: ANTI-IMMIGRANT LEGISLATION.” Political Science Quarterly 129 (2): 261–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12178.
Walzer, Michael. 2001. “Las Esferas de La Justicia.” México: FCE.
Armenta, Amada. 2017. Protect, Serve, and Deport The Rise of Policing as Immigration Enforcement. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Arrocha, William. 2012. “From Arizona’s S.B. 1070 to Georgia’s H.B. 87 and Alabama’s H.B. 56: Exacerbating the Other and Generating New Discourses and Practices of Segregation.” California Western Law Review 48 (2): 35.
Brubaker, Rogers W. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Burridge, Andrew, Nick Gill, Austin Kocher, y Lauren Martin. 2017. “Polymorphic Borders.” Territory, Politics, Governance 5 (3): 239–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2017.1297253.
CIS. 2019. “Map: Sanctuary Cities, Counties, and States | Center for Immigration Studies.” 2019. https://cis.org/Map-Sanctuary-Cities-Counties-and-States.
Cohen, Elizabeth F. 2009. Semi-Citizenship in Democratic Politics. New York. Cambridge University Press.
De Genova, Nicholas. 2013. “Spectacles of Migrant ‘Illegality’: The Scene of Exclusion, the Obscene of Inclusion.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36 (7): 1180–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.783710.
Fortin, Jacey. 2019. “Tucson Rejects Sanctuary Status as Places Across U.S. Vote on Their Futures - The New York Times.” 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/06/us/arizona-tucson-sanctuary-city.html.
Foucault, Michel. 1991. The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governamentality. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Fussell, Elizabeth. 2011. “The Deportation Threat Dynamic and Victimization of Latino Migrants: Wage Theft and Robbery.” The Sociological Quarterly 52 (4): 593–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01221.x.
Gallie, W. B. 1956. “IX.—Essentially Contested Concepts.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 56 (1): 167–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/56.1.167.
Gomberg-Muñoz, Ruth. 2017. Becoming Legal. Immigration Law and Mixed-Status Families. New York: Oxford University Press.
Graauw, Els de. 2014. “Municipal ID Cards for Undocumented Immigrants: Local Bureaucratic Membership in a Federal System.” Politics & Society 42 (3): 309–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329214543256.
Graauw, Els de, y Shannon Gleeson. 2016. “How Local Stakeholders Are Implementing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program,” 4.
Hollifield, James F, Valerie F Hunt, y Daniel J Tichenor. 1994. “Liberal Paradox: Immigrants, Markets and Rights in the United States, The.” SMU LAW REVIEW 61: 33.
Lai, Annie, and Christopher N Lasch. 2018. “CRIMMIGRATION RESISTANCE AND THE CASE OF SANCTUARY CITY DEFUNDING,” 74.
Levitsky, Steven, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. How Democracies Die. New York: Crown.
Macías Rojas, Patrisia. 2016. From Deportation to Prison The Politics of Immigration Enforcement in Post-Civil Rights America. New York: NYU Press.
Macklin, Audrey. 2006. “Exile on Main Street: Popular Discourse and Legal Manoeuvres around Citizenship,” 33.
———. 2007. “Who Is the Citizen’s Other? Considering the Heft of Citizenship.” Theoretical Inquiries in Law 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.2202/1565-3404.1153.
Magaña, Lisa. 2013. “Arizona’s Immigration Policies and SB 1070.” In Latino Politics and Arizona’s Immigration Law SB 1070, edited by Lisa Magaña and Erik Lee, 19–26. New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0296-1_2.
Marshall, T.H. 1985. Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Menjívar, Cecilia. 2006. “Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants’ Lives in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 111 (4): 999–1037. https://doi.org/10.1086/499509.
———. 2014. “The ‘Poli-Migra’: Multilayered Legislation, Enforcement Practices, and What We Can Learn About and From Today’s Approaches.” American Behavioral Scientist 58 (13): 1805–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214537268.
Murphy, Paul, and Deanna Hackney. 2018. “Police Answered Immigrant’s Call for Help, Then Gave Him to ICE - CNN.” 2018. https://www-m.cnn.com/2018/02/13/us/tukwila-police-ice-detain-trnd/index.html.
Newton, Lina. 2015. “Immigration Federalism as Ideology: Lessons from the States.” Laws 4 (4): 729–54. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws4040729.
NSCL. 2019. “Sanctuary Policy FAQ.” 2019. http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/sanctuary-policy-faq635991795.aspx.
Paret, Marcel. 2014. “Legality and Exploitation: Immigration Enforcement and the US Migrant Labor System.” Latino Studies 12 (4): 503–26. https://doi.org/10.1057/lst.2014.53.
Roth, Benjamin J. 2019. “The Double Bind of DACA: Exploring the Legal Violence of Liminal Status for Undocumented Youth.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 42 (15): 2548–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2018.1540790.
Runciman, David. 2018. How Democracy Ends. New York: Basic Books.
Scott, James. 1998. Seeing Like a State. How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sena, Kendra. 2018. “Municipal IDs: Local Governments and the Power to Create Identity Documents,” 11.
Shachar, Ayelet. 2012. Citizenship. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199578610.013.0050.
Silva, Chantal da. 2018. “Father Of Three Handed Over To ICE After Calling 911 For Help Sues Police Officers Who Arrested Him.” 2018. https://www.newsweek.com/father-three-handed-over-ice-after-calling-911-help-sues-officers-who-arrested-856570.
Song, Sarah. 2019. Immigraton and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stack, Liam. 2019. “Judge Is Charged With Helping Immigrant Escape ICE at Courthouse - The New York Times.” 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/us/judge-shelley-joseph-indicted.html.
Tilly, Charles. 2007. Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsing, Anna. 2005. Friction. An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Volden, Craig. 2005. “Intergovernmental Political Competition in American Federalism.” American Journal of Political Science 49 (2): 327–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00126.x.
Waldner, David, and Ellen Lust. 2018. “Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding.” Annual Review of Political Science 21 (1): 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628.
Wallace, Sophia J. 2014. “Papers Please: State-Level Anti-Immigrant Legislation in the Wake of Arizona’s SB 1070: ANTI-IMMIGRANT LEGISLATION.” Political Science Quarterly 129 (2): 261–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12178.
Walzer, Michael. 2001. “Las Esferas de La Justicia.” México: FCE.